I would like to introduce a draft of what a four-year Adobe curriculum could potentially look like. http://edex.adobe.com/resource/538a03/.

Disclaimer: Several of the products on this list I have never used, or know only slightly. If the community would like to take ownership of this curriculum outline and fix it up, please do!
Year 1: Basic artistic competency.
Year 2: Advanced artistic competency.
Year 3: Basic programming competency.
Year 4: Advanced programming competency.

Some general questions for the community to help make this curriculum outline better:

1) How could this curriculum be tied to artistic and creative cognitive processes? (convergent and divergent thinking, conceptual blending, honing theory, etc...)
2) How could this curriculum be tied to existing educational theories? (Bloom's Taxonomy, Constructivist Theory, etc...)
3) What modes of assessment could be used? (summative assessment, authentic assessment, etc...)
4) The outline posted presents a rather linear course progression. Are there other organization/information visualization paradigms that could be used instead? (product space localization, network diagrams, hierarchical clustering & dendrograms)
5) What artistic, logical, and mathematical skills should be considered prerequisites to this curriculum? (drawing, photography, first order logic, functions and relations, etc...)
6) Are there topics that have been given too much time? too little time?
7) Do you think a student who does well in this curriculum would be ready for employment in a creative media company?

The idea is to first get a course progression sequence and timeline (that the community agrees could work), then create a syllabus for each course (specific topics, recommended resources, and assessments). This curriculum outline assumes that after a student learns a product, they still know it in future courses. So, if Kuler is introduced in the first Illustrator course, it is assumed students know it in later Illustrator & Photoshop courses - even though the Kuler icon isn't shown for later courses.

In my previous post I started a list of general ideas that could be relevant to creating a complete Adobe curriculum. If the community wants to take ownership of this list and add to it or make edits, please do!
Lukas made three excellent points in his post that should be added to the list:
5) If you learn one Adobe product well you can learn others that use similar tools and metaphors.
This is very true. If one learns how to use the pen tool in Illustrator, the pen tool in Photoshop and Flash will be immediately familiar. I think an important step in creating a good ‘all things Adobe’ curriculum would be to abstract out elements common to Adobe products and teach them in their own course. An “Introduction To Adobe” course could teach workspaces, selection tools, basic drawing tools, property panels, layer concepts, image exporting, effective workflow strategies, and so on. If this course was a mandatory prerequisite to the Creative Suite, a lot of duplicate concept development could be avoided.
Spontaneous Question: How could one determine which topics should go into a general “Layers” unit in an Adobe intro course?
A Potential Solution: Ask several Adobe experts (Illustrator, Photoshop, Flash, etc...) to make a list of whatever words or concepts pop into their heads related to layers. Assemble the responses into a tag cloud (or some other frequency analysis) and see what is most important. Use this as a starting point for the structure of the unit.
Example:
A Photoshop Layers List: [merging layers, linked layers, layer locking, type layer, mask layer, layer styles]
A Flash Layers List: [guide layer, layer locking, mask layer, distribute to layers]
Notice that each list has a combination of product-specific layer concepts and cross-product layer concepts. Both lists refer to layer locking and mask layers since these are general layer concepts. Layer concepts that are present in multiple Adobe products will have an increased list frequency and they will stand out as good topics for the general intro course.

Moving on, Lukas made the point that removing the background of a photo can be done in many different ways, and students need practice with hundreds of photos to really understand the concept. This leads to the next point:
6) Some product-specific techniques are difficult and require lots of practice. Worked examples and practice exercises should be readily available for these techniques.
I come from a math/science background, so I’m used to learning a concept and then having many practice questions to reinforce it. I have found that few resources teach Adobe products in this manner. If a book has a section on removing backgrounds from a photograph, why not have 10-12 practice photographs with increasingly complex backgrounds to remove?

And finally, Lukas mentioned that skills like typography, color theory, and composition are required to use Adobe products in a meaningful way. So, Point 7 is:
7) A good curriculum will help students develop their overall artistic/creative ability within the context of the Adobe product line.
An artist using Illustrator spends a lot of time making basic shapes and combining/morphing those shapes into realistic objects. This can be done with pathfinder tools, the shape builder tool, distortions, transformations, and warping. The Illustrator books and tutorials I’ve read skip (or minimally develop) the art-building topic because they assume the reader will figure it out with their own artistic talent. I think a good curriculum will do more than just teach the tools; it will anchor those tools to the creative artistic process.
Spontaneous Question: I want to buy a book that will show me how to use Illustrator to make basic shapes and drawings. I want to develop an ‘artist-sense’ of how to use Illustrator to draw simple things like a cat or a tree. I don’t want a reference book, since I’m already familiar with how the program works. I just want lots and lots of examples of how to draw simple things with Illustrator. The complexity of the art should be no greater than the Sunday comics. Which book should I buy?

Correction for paragraph 1: ...Java or JQuery is required...

I think if one wanted to create a complete Adobe curriculum, there would be several factors to consider.

1) Individual Adobe products have implied computer science and graphic design prerequisites & co-requisites.

When learning an Adobe product (we’ll use Dreamweaver as an example), it’s important to remember that there are prerequisites and co-requisites. A working knowledge of either Illustrator or Photoshop is definitely a prerequisite to learning Dreamweaver. Websites use lots of images, so it’s important to know how those images are created and edited. Co-requisites to Dreamweaver would be HTML and CSS (at a minimum). Dreamweaver provides many wonderful GUI tools for producing websites without coding, but it doesn’t take long before one needs to start working ‘under the hood’ to customize the functionality of a website. Most professional web developers use Dreamweaver for more than just HTML and CSS. Java or JQuery is required for website interactivity, and server side programming uses languages like PHP & MySQL.

So the phrase “I want to learn Dreamweaver in-depth” really means something like: “I want to use Dreamweaver as my development environment for making websites with HTML, CSS, JS, PHP, MySQL, and frameworks like JQuery”. An effective Dreamweaver curriculum would have to address the associated programming languages and concepts.

2) Adobe products are usually learned in sets of contextually-relevant groups.

What’s your medium and intended goal? Adobe has products for books, websites, photographs, video, interactive apps, marketing, business, mobile, and more. Start by learning the products that will help you achieve your most immediate goals. After you master those, start learning new Adobe products to address the things you need.

Chances are pretty slim that a specific individual would require expert-level mastery in the set of programs [Edge Reflow, ColdFusion, After Effects, Captivate]. However, a front-end web developer would want to know Edge Reflow, a back-end database/server programmer would want to know ColdFusion, a video producer would want to know After Effects, and an educator would want to know Captivate.

3) Know your limits and know how to collaborate.

It’s unlikely that anyone would ever have enough time to become a true master of all things Adobe. Does an orchestra conductor need to be a virtuoso of every instrument in the orchestra? Of course not. But the conductor should know what each instrument is capable of and how it fits into the orchestra as a whole.

Master the set of Adobe products you need to work with every day. For all the rest, try and learn just enough so you know how it might be useful to you in the future.

4) Have fun and make stuff.

It’s easy to get caught up in the learning process, read 10 chapters, and then sit at your computer with no clue where to begin! It’s very important that creative projects be included in the learning process at regular intervals to apply concepts and solidify new concepts.

Getting back to the original post, you asked where you should go next. That would be easier to answer if a specific career goal was specified.